Its importance lies in the following aspects:

1. It is a source of life can not live without it or plants or animals or humans.

2. It is essential in everyday life:

· Use home: in the house for washing, cooking, water, etc..

· Use Industrial tanning industry, food manufacturing, cleaning, electricity, etc.

· Use agriculture: agriculture for irrigation.

· Use livestock: in agricultural watering pets.

• In aquaculture: to raise fish and other species.

· Use medicine: the medicine to cure diseases. The thermal and medicinal waters are abundant in Peru. For example, the Inca Baths in Cajamarca Churín baths in Lima and the bathrooms of Jesus in Arequipa, etc. Mineral waters are for drinking and consumption of mineral-containing medicinal type. The main ones are San Mateo, Socosani, Jesus, etc..

· Use sports: in sports such as swimming, surfing, water skiing, canyoning, canoeing, etc.

Municipal · Use: in cities to irrigate parks and gardens.

The irregular distribution of water in Peru causes various conflicts or problems, highlighting the following:

· Problems caused by excessive water runoff and rainfall. Floods: During the summer months rainfall occurring in the country. In certain circumstances, when these are extraordinary rainfall, rivers top their banks and flood farming areas and villages. Natural erosion: rainfall and river run-off dragged the fertile layer of soil and impoverished.

· Problems caused by water scarcity. They refer to the aridity of much of the country, and droughts, which occur in certain regions due to anomalies in precipitation.

· Problems caused by poor water management, through negative actions by human activities that generate erosion and pollution. Pollution is a serious and growing problem, and will be treated separately. The destruction of watersheds and vegetation cover affects the availability and flow of water.
Water is one of the key natural resources and is one of the four basic resources that support the development, along with air, land and energy.

Water is the most abundant chemical compound on the planet and is indispensable for the development of life. It consists of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms and its chemical formula is H2O. Found in nature in solid, liquid or gas.

Pure water is a renewable resource, but may become so contaminated by human activities, it is no longer useful but harmful, of poor quality.

The assessment of water quality has had a slow development. Until the late nineteenth century did not recognize water as a source of many infectious diseases, yet today, the importance of both quantity and water quality is beyond doubt.

The importance that has claimed the water quality has highlighted that the factors or agents that cause pollution to her are: pathogens, wastes require oxygen, inorganic and organic chemicals, plant nutrients that cause excessive growth of aquatic plants sediments or suspended material, radioactive substances and heat.

Water pollution is the degree of contamination, which can cause adverse health effects of a representative number of people during predictable periods of time.

It is considered that the water is contaminated, when it can be used for any use which would give him in its natural state or are altered its chemical, physical, biological and / or composition. Overall, the water is polluted when it loses its potability for daily consumption or for use in domestic, industrial or agricultural.

To avoid the consequences of using contaminated water have developed mechanisms for early control of pollution. There are rules that govern the allowable ranges of pollution, which seek to ensure that the water used is not harmful. Every country should have an institution that is responsible for such supervision. In the U.S. there are parameters outlined in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) that rule in relation to the specifications of all tipoen drinking water in the area are taken into account microbiological levels of alert and action levels.

Despite the control and prevention has been pursued in many countries, are reported coliform-contaminated water which causes water quality is not desired, although many countries have a lot of water, increasing population, pollution industries, the excessive use of agrochemicals, untreated sewage and soil erosion from deforestation mean that this resource is scarce. In Guatemala every year there are 380 million cubic meters of sewage and of those, only 19 million are treated. The rest comes with all its pollution load to rivers and lakes.

The supply of freshwater is declining globally, 1.2 billion people lack access to safe drinking water source. The contaminated water diseases kill more than 4 million children a year and 20% of all freshwater aquatic species are extinct or in danger of disappearing

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This phenomenon affects issues such as water, environment, violence and injuries, communicable diseases and risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical activity, harmful alcohol use and risks associated with disease outbreaks. Urbanization is a challenge for several reasons.

* Poor town who suffer disproportionately from many diseases and health problems, including increased risk of violence, and some chronic diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV / AIDS.

* The main social determinants of health in urban contexts outside the purely medical and including infrastructure, access to health and social services, local governance and the distribution of income and opportunity for education.

There are solutions to address the root causes of urban health problems

urban planning can promote healthy habits and safety through investment in active transport, design areas for physical activity and the application of rules against tobacco and for food security.

Improving urban living conditions in housing, water and sanitation will have a major impact in reducing health risks. An inclusive city that is accessible and quality of life for all ages will benefit all residents.

These steps are not necessarily require more funding, but the commitment to direct resources to invest in priority interventions, thus increasing efficiency.

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Introduction to biological, chemical or physical to the half outside. Any undesirable change the natural composition of the medium.

Lands
Wetlands (marshes, mangroves) is one of the ecosystems that produce more alive. Therefore, a large ecological importance and the danger disappeared. Overall assessment of the first revealed that more than 1,200 million hectares (equivalent to the combined areas of China and India) have experienced a serious degradation in forty-five years, according to data from the World Resources Institute.

Waters
Contaminate water is life itself. The entire life cycle, reproduction and human food, animal and marine who is affected. Currently, all the oceans of the world affected by oil spills. Almost every year, spilled into the sea 3.5 million barrels.

Water
Every particle of matter, solid or gas accumulating in the atmosphere and reaching negative effects for life or pollute the environment considered. Air pollution can be concluded, is the old problem. A century ago, was caused primarily by a chimney that testify to the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Today, they have the resources and the effects of diversification has been extended.

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Life is water, there is no life without water. The fact that the water is about 60% of body weight in men and about 50% in women much evidence of the importance of human life. Because the fat or adipose tissue contains little amount of water, the percentage of total water in obese individuals is less than that introduced the non-obese. The relationship between the total weight of water and body weight free of fat, lean body weight is known, fairly constant in adults the total weight of water represents about 72% of lean body mass. Aqueous space is divided into three compartments: the water in the cell or intracellular spaces, interstitial fluid (between cells) and intravascular fluid, which circulates in the blood vessels. As a curiosity it should be noted that the extracellular fluid has an ionic composition similar to seawater, although more dilute. The third compartment continuously watered in exchange for maintaining a proper balance in the body.

Total dependence on water

Water is a food that truly exceptional and essential for life: food and gas are transported in aqueous media, the waste products removed from the body through urine and feces, it set our temperature, lubricate joints and contributions to our firm to provide structure and forms body to provide rigidity to the network, because this precious liquid is not compressed. In addition, proper hydration helps keep skin smooth and young people with acute or chronic dehydration causes skin to wrinkle and crack easily.

While water loss can often exceed the consumer, content in the body remains relatively stable over time and in the case of imbalance, the new fluid coming in a short time to adjust the required level of body water.

An adult living in an environment without excess heat and humidity, is about two gallons of water per day, which comes from three sources: the liquid you eat (about 1200 ml) of food consumed (approximately 1000 ml), and produced in organisms as result of metabolism, which is equal to about 350 milliliters. Fruits and vegetables are foods that contain more water.

Where the water is removed

Body of water is lost through urine, skin, respiratory and bowel movements. Excrete urine with just more than one liter a day, and it remains important to eliminate certain products produced by metabolism, especially urea, the end product of protein degradation. The more protein, including diet, more water is needed to dispose of waste generated.

Another small quantity of water lost through the skin, like sweat produced by sweat glands. Sweating is often seen, but under normal conditions is secreted between 0.5 liters and 0.7 liters, multiplied by the amount increases when the outside temperature. Sweating is a cooling system that is more important than the body. Finally, loss of water through respiration and the dirt is about 0.4 liters.

Drink without waiting for the thirsty

With the sun and heat and sweat more, as a result, increased fluid loss. If it adds that the more fluid loss, the lower the body’s ability to regulate temperature, can be understood how important it is to replace the water. But we do not have to wait to feel thirsty to drink water: dry mouth as a symptom of dehydration and water loss with progressive instincts of dehydration. Therefore, one should not rely on thirst and have to regularly drink 8-10 glasses throughout the day. The more water vapor, the greater the amount of water consumed. Heat, humidity and exercise are the ideal conditions to bring the box dehydration. A 2% loss of body fluid loss of 20% of the physical energy depletion accelerated by loss of fluid and when you lose 20% of the water body increases the risk of serious complications.

But apart from the sun, heat and exercise, other factors that require special fluid intake, fever, and especially diarrhea and vomiting, the incidence increased in the summer because gastroentiritis, more often at this time of year.
Symptoms of dehydration

Thirst, dry mucous membranes and skin, heat and heartburn, headache, extreme fatigue, and if more serious, sunken eyes, rapid pulse, low blood pressure, fever, fluid retention (as some organs such as kidneys began to fail, to reach the collapse and death) are some of the symptoms of dehydration.
Not only for the claim … thirst

* Drink 1.5-2 liters of water, and if the summer and exercise, eating extra fluid intake without waiting for thirst to tell you.

* Diets rich in fats and proteins require more fluid to remove the remnants of their metabolism because these foods contain less water than other products.

* Heat, humidity and water sports needs of our body increases dramatically.

* Those who have kidney stones, gravel or urinary tract infections should drink more fluids.

* Coffee, alcohol, tea and similar beverages diuretic and increase fluid drainage through the urine. Beware of them.
* Infections, fever, vomiting and diarrhea caused rapid loss of fluid, which parents and children are more sensitive, to be replaced. A pharmaceutical preparation or homemade whey (water with a pinch of baking soda and squeeze of lemon and sugar) will help to quickly restore the necessary fluids.

* The aging is associated with drying, water loss, which affects all body tissues, but especially on the skin. Optimal hydration during childhood can help to keep young skin.

Misconceptions

Many people worry that hold liquids and do not want to drink water. But healthy people do not retain fluids, the body had perfect balance and if there is excess fluid by increasing urine elimination. This is the opposite, that “disability liquid”, which should concern us, because it is more than likely that your suffering is caused constipation and more joint and tendon problems, skin looks more wrinkled and produced urine more concentrated and dense, it in favor of the formation of stones, gravel and even urinary tract infections. Only in the case of kidney, liver, heart, or varicose veins can develop well for medical indications, reduce fluid intake.

Another common mistake is to visit the sauna to lose weight. Fluid loss in the sauna exclusively recharged immediately. In addition, through the liquid electrolyte and also lost sales that we are replenishing. The best thing for this is fruit juice, especially orange.

Do not take diuretics to lose weight. Diuretics can not eat without the express direction of medical, because they cause side effects that must be controlled.

The Slimline water: it removed the excess. But in addition, have you thought that we eat at 14 degrees and 37 degrees and remove it implies that we have used a lot of energy to heat up? It is conceivable, then, that water is not only fattening, but thinner.

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