Hazardous Waste Treatment
There are many different technologies for treatment of hazardous waste that can be used prior to disposal of these wastes. Its purpose is to modify the physical properties or chemical waste and reduce the volume, immobilize or detoxify toxic compounds these compounds.
Choosing the best method of treatment of a given residue depends on many factors, including the availability of facilities, safety, cost, etc.. There is an absolutely safe and any treatment system has an associated degree of risk.
Possible treatment systems are numerous, but generally fall into four categories:1. Phase Separation Processes: These are potentially useful in reducing the volume or recovering.
2. Component Separation Processes: They are able to physically segregate ionic or molecular species of single phase systems, multi-component waste.
3. Chemical transformation processes, promote chemical reactions to detoxify, recover or reduce the volume of specific waste components.
4. Biological treatment methods: They involve chemical transformations by the action of living organisms.
The selection of a treatment process for a particular residue is not easy, and should be considered: the nature of waste, the desired effluent, technical, financial and economic considerations, environmental, energy, operations and maintenance, and other global considerations.
Considering the situation of Europe and the U.S. found that the solutions and solid waste heavy metal residues are predominant and dominant technologies are: neutralization, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, oil-water separation, solvent recovery and fuel, activated sludge and incineration.
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